Bovine Papular Stomatitis Virus

For decades, Creative Biolabs has been a leading provider of custom bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) products and drug development solutions to our global partners. Creative Biolabs is willing to share our expertise in viral research to advance the research and projects of our clients.

Background of BPSV

Parapoxvirus (PPV) is a member of the Poxviridae family, which is a group of oval-shaped, enveloped double-stranded DNA viruses. PPV is an epitheliophilic virus that causes non-systemic proliferative skin diseases in domestic and wild ruminants. Many viruses are included in PPVs, such as pseudocowpoxvirus (PCPV), Orf virus (ORFV), parapox of squirrel virus (SPPV), and bovine papulostomatitis virus (BPSV). Similar to other poxviruses, the BPSV genome contains a crucial central coding region delimited by two inverted terminal repeat (ITR) regions.

Overview of Bovine Papular Stomatitis (BPS)

BPS is a common disease caused by BPSV, and clinical symptoms usually appear in calves. The disease is widespread and is characterized by papules, usually accompanied by mild erosions on the oral mucosa and breasts. Notably, reinfection with BPSV is common in cattle, revealing that viral infection does not confer significant immunity. In addition, BPS can spread from infected cattle to milkers, farmers, and veterinarians. Transmission usually occurs through direct contact with infected animals but has also been reported in people without direct contact. An infected person usually develops several skin lesions on the hand or forearm, which may look similar to foot-and-mouth disease.

Fig.1 Symptoms of BPS. (Hanns, 2021)

Diagnosis of BPS

Clinically, BPS is similar to other vesicular diseases. Therefore, it is critical to diagnose infection quickly and accurately to prevent transmission and to differentiate it from other infectious diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease. Generally, BPS can only be diagnosed by laboratory methods such as virus isolation, electron microscopy, and histopathology. However, these methods are very time-consuming, with low sensitivity and specificity. Thence, it is necessary to develop molecular methods for improving diagnostic sensitivity. For example, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) have been combined to identify infectious species. What's more, a specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed to detect BPSV. This assay has comparable sensitivity to qPCR and is cost-effective.

Products and Services at Creative Biolabs

Based on state-of-the-art facilities and expertise in the field of virus research, Creative Biolabs is focused on providing development services for BPSV products and pharmaceuticals to customers around the world. We are confident to provide reasonable solutions and one-stop services according to your specific needs to ensure project progress. If you have any difficulties in BPSV related project, please feel free to contact us for professional assistance.

Reference

1. Hanns, R.; et al. Parapoxviruses (Poxviridae). Encyclopedia of Virology. 2021.