Anti-OPXV IgG Test for Monkeypox Diagnosis

In addition to detecting viral antigens directly, we can also detect the presence or absence of a virus by detecting antibodies produced in the body. Immunology G (IgG) is the main antibody component in serum, accounting for about 75% of serum Immunology. The function of IgG mainly plays a protective role in the body's immunity, and its indexes have significance for the diagnosis of virus infection. Anti-Monkeypox virus (OPXV) IgG serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is mainly used to detect the anti- OPXV IgG antibody content in patients' serum samples, which is of great significance for evaluating patients' resistance to the virus. Creative Biolabs is committed to the research of antibody antigens and provides accurate and rapid anti-Monkeypox IgG assays for our clients, providing a strong guarantee for their experimental programs.

Production of anti-OPXV IgG

IgG is the main component of immunoglobulin and belongs to the immunoglobulin family. Immunoglobulin is a kind of serum active component produced by plasma cells under the stimulation of antigen.

Fig.1. Modular Structure of an IgG antibody. (Schroeder, 2010)

After the virus invades the human body, the human body produces corresponding specific antibodies for defense, among which the specific antibody Immunoglog M (IgM) is the first to produce and carry out the early defense. But IgM is short-lived and disappears quickly, lasting from days to weeks in the blood. IgG antibodies are then produced. When IgM is near extinction, IgG levels peak and remain in the blood for a long time. When exposed to the same antigen several months or even years later, the initial antibody level drops slightly, probably because some of the original antibodies are bound by the re-entry antigen, which temporarily lowers the antibody level. However, in a short period, IgG antibody content increases rapidly, which may be several times to tens of times higher than the original antibody content and lasts for a long time in the body, while IgM rarely increases. Therefore, IgG is the main antibody produced by the body's re-immune response. It only appears after the virus has been infected for a while, and it lasts for a long time. Therefore, the anti-OPXV IgG test can improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce missed diagnoses.

Fig.2. Stages in the production of antibody. (Day, 2015)

Anti-OPXV IgG serum ELISA

Anti-OPXV IgG serum ELISA can detect the presence and content of anti-OPXV specific antibody IgG in serum samples to indirectly determine the presence and infection of viruses in the body. It has been confirmed that anti-OPXV IgG was detected in serum at about 5 days and more than 8 days after the onset of the rash. A possible MPXV infection is diagnosed if IgG antibodies are present in the serum of people who develop rashes and who are not vaccinated. The ELISA for anti-OPXV IgG serum is positive, indicating that the individual had previously been exposed to MPXV through vaccination or natural infection. Serological testing is a viable method in areas where MPXV is endemic.

Fig.3. Levels of serum IgG against orthopoxvirus (OPXV) (OD-COV) among study participants in Ghana, by age and region. (Reynolds, 2010)

Creative Biolabs provides the highest quality testing reagents and consumables to ensure the stability and reliability of laboratory results and also provides a high-throughput ELISA platform to ensure efficiency and reduce costs. Please feel free to contact us to advance your project. Our scientists will work closely with you to provide you with quality service in a short time.

References

1. Scott-Taylor, T.H.; et al. Immunoglobulin G; structure and functional implications of different subclass modifications in initiation and resolution of allergy. Immunity Inflammation and Disease. 2018, 6(1): 13-33.
2. Day, M.J. Introduction to Antigen and Antibody Assays. Topics in Companion Animal Medicine. 2015, 30(4): 128-131.
3. Reynolds, M.G.; et al. A silent enzootic of an orthopoxvirus in Ghana, West Africa: evidence for multi-species involvement in the absence of widespread human disease. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2010, 82(4): 746-754.