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Poxvirus
Poxviridae is a family of double-stranded DNA viruses. Natural hosts include vertebrates and arthropods. This family now consists of 83 species spread across 22 genera and two subfamilies. Although the intracellular mature virion form of the virus, which has a distinct envelope, is similarly contagious, poxviridae viral particles are often enclosed. They can take on a variety of shapes depending on the species, but because the endoplasmic reticulum surrounds them, they typically resemble bricks or have an oval shape resembling a rounded brick. The virion is extraordinarily big, measuring about 300 nm in length and 200 nm in diameter.
Classifications and Members of Poxvirus
| Classification | Overview | Members |
|---|---|---|
| Orthopoxviruses | The Orthopoxvirus belongs to the Poxviridae family. Natural hosts include vertebrates like arthropods and mammals like humans. This genus has been linked to smallpox, cowpox, horsepox, camelpox, and monkeypox. The smallpox-causing Variola virus is the genus' most well-known member. | |
| Parapoxviruses | The Parapoxvirus belongs to the Poxviridae family of viruses. They are oval, moderately big double-stranded DNA viruses, just like the rest of the Poxviridae family. Parapoxviruses differ from other poxviruses in that they have a distinctive spiral coat. | |
| Molluscipoxviruses | Molluscipoxviruses is a DNA poxvirus that causes the human skin infection molluscum contagiosum. The only species of Molluscipoxvirus is the Molluscum contagiosum virus. | |
| Yatapoxviruses | Yatapoxvirus is a genus of viruses that belongs to the Poxviridae family. Baboons and monkeys act as natural hosts. | |
| Capripoxviruses | Capripoxvirus belongs to the Poxviridae family. Of all animal poxviruses, capripoxviruses are among the most dangerous. Capripoxviruses cannot infect humans. | |
| Suipoxviruses | Suipoxvirus is a genus of viruses that belongs to the Poxviridae family. Pigs act as the hosts naturally. This genus has been linked to asymptomatic skin conditions. | |
| Leporipoxviruses | Leporipoxvirus is a genus of viruses that belongs to the Poxviridae family. Squirrels and lagomorphs act as the hosts naturally. Myxomatosis is one of the ailments connected to this genus. | |
| Avipoxviruses | Avipoxvirus belongs to the Poxviridae family. The brick-shaped avipoxvirus has an average diameter of 200 nanometers. |
Reference
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Kaler, Jasndeep et al. “Monkeypox: A Comprehensive Review of Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Manifestation” Cureus vol. 14,7 e26531. 3 Jul. 2022.
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