Integrated Preclinical Research Solution for Red Deer Parapoxvirus in Drug Discovery & Diagnostics

Overview

The belongs to the Parapoxvirus genus and causes skin lesions mainly in red deer. Skin lesions provoked by Parapoxvirus of Red Deer show up on animals' heads, necks, and limbs which resulting in pain along with risks of secondary infections and health issues. Most parapoxvirus strains target livestock animals such as sheep and goats, but the Red Deer variant stands out due to its impact on wildlife populations. Infected animals or contaminated environments facilitate the spread of the virus through direct contact with people. Infections tend to clear up independently, but develop into serious conditions involving young animals or those with weakened immune defenses. Red Deer Parapoxvirus demonstrates comparable characteristics with other Parapoxviruses responsible for Orf in sheep and Pseudocowpox in cattle. The study of this virus enables scientists to collect vital data that aids in creating vaccines and antiviral medications, along with wildlife health management practices. Investigating the zoonotic potential of this virus enables humans to shield themselves from possible transmission events that emerge under different circumstances. Creative Biolabs supports the development of antiviral treatments and vaccines, along with diagnostic tools for Parapoxvirus. We provide specialized services to help pharmaceutical companies and wildlife disease research organizations move therapies from laboratory research into clinical trials through valuable data and insights.

Fig.1 Structure of ORFV and PVNZ CBPs homology models.¹

Accelerated Parapoxvirus of Red Deer Preclinical Research Services

• For Therapeutics Development

In Vitro Antiviral Efficacy Assays

• Cytotoxicity Assays: To determine the maximum concentration of the therapeutic agent that does not cause cell death, ensuring the compound is safe for use in living organisms.
• Mechanism of Action Studies: These tests determine how the therapy works (e.g., direct inhibition of viral entry, replication, or release from infected cells).
• Neutralization Assays: If the therapeutic is antibody-based, it will be tested for its ability to neutralize the virus by preventing its binding to the host cell.
• Time-of-Addition Studies: To determine at what point in the viral lifecycle the therapeutic acts (e.g., attachment, entry, replication, or release).

In Vivo Efficacy Studies (Animal Models)

• Dosing and Administration: The effectiveness of various routes of administration (oral, intravenous, subcutaneous, etc.) and different dosing regimens (single dose vs. multiple doses) is evaluated.
• Viral Load Monitoring: Viral load in tissues or fluids (e.g., blood, respiratory secretions) is measured to assess the therapeutic impact on virus replication and clearance over time.
• Clinical Signs and Survival Analysis: The animal’s health is monitored for any signs of toxicity, disease progression, or recovery.
• Histopathological Evaluation: Tissue samples (e.g., from lung, liver, spleen, and other relevant organs) are analyzed for signs of viral damage or therapy-induced changes, including inflammation or tissue repair.

• For Diagnostics Development

Antigen Detection Assays

• Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA): Used to detect specific viral proteins or antigens in serum, tissue samples, or swabs from infected animals.
• Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Used for detecting viral antigens in tissue samples.
• Lateral Flow Assays (LFAs): Point-of-care devices that can rapidly detect viral antigens in field settings, useful for quick diagnostics with minimal equipment.

Nucleic Acid Detection Assays

• Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP): A rapid, cost-effective nucleic acid amplification technique that can detect PPRD DNA with high sensitivity.
• In Situ Hybridization (ISH): Detects viral RNA in tissue samples. This can provide spatial localization of the virus within infected tissues, aiding in understanding viral replication dynamics.
• Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS): For comprehensive genomic analysis, NGS can identify and sequence the viral genome.

Antibody Detection Assays (Serology)

• Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA): This can be used for detecting antibodies in serum by incubating with viral antigens fixed on slides and using fluorescent-labeled secondary antibodies to visualize the immune response.
• Lateral Flow Immunoassays (LFIA): Point-of-care devices that are widely used for detecting antibodies in serum, plasma, or whole blood samples, offering rapid results.
• Cytometric Bead Array (CBA): A multiplex assay that can quantify multiple antibodies or cytokines in a single sample, providing insights into the immune response.

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Products for Parapoxvirus of Red Deer Research

The generation of recombinant proteins from parapoxvirus in red deer involves inserting viral genes into expression vectors, which then express the proteins in bacterial or mammalian host cells. Researchers produce monoclonal antibodies against red deer parapoxvirus by first immunizing animals, then creating hybridomas that select antibodies that target specific viral antigens.

• Recombinant parapoxvirus of red deer research proteins or antigens

• Antibodies against the parapoxvirus of red deer research proteins

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Applications

1. Vaccine Development: Vaccines made from recombinant parapoxvirus proteins help safeguard red deer and other cervids against infection, which stops wildlife population outbreaks.

2. Diagnostic Tools: Diagnostic tests such as ELISA utilize parapoxvirus-specific recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies to detect infections in red deer while monitoring the virus's spread through wild animal populations.

3. Epidemiological Studies: The analysis of parapoxvirus distribution and frequency in red deer populations aids conservation and wildlife health management, particularly near zones where wildlife interacts with livestock.

4. Therapeutic Research: Scientists predict that recombinant proteins or monoclonal antibodies will serve as antiviral treatments for parapoxvirus infections in red deer when outbreaks threaten local wildlife populations.

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